Welcome to Gaia! :: View User's Journal | Gaia Journals

 
 

View User's Journal

User Image
Parasitology 9/27 Notes
c: Chu guys can get a SMALL taste of what I have to stuff my brain with on a daily basis!! :c...I miss high school's study guides...Now I have to actually study with flash cards and not get study guides v.v;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TREMATODES

AKA: flukes
Unsegmented
Leaflike
Have a thick outer cuticle and one or more suckers or hooks for attaching to host tissue.

Paragonimus kellicotti

Common Name: Lung Fluke

Host: Dog and cat

Clinical Signs: Pulmonary disease and hemoptysis

Geographic - Eastern US and Canada – drainage areas of the Mississippi and St. Lawrence waterways.

Paragonimus kellicotti


Prevalence – Fairly common

Transmission - Ingestion of crayfish or paratenic host

Diagnosis - Radiographs and/or eggs (oval single operculated) in feces

Control - Difficult in cats that are allowed outdoors

PHS – don’t eat raw crustaceans


Fasciola hepatica
Common name: Common liver fluke

Host: Cattle and Sheep

Clinical signs: weight loss, hepatic trauma due to migration, may result in hepatitis and death.

Geographic: worldwide (mainly tropical areas)

Fasciola hepatica

Prevalence: Fairly common

Transmission: Ingestion of eggs or snail.

DX: Finding eggs (more yellow and filled than kellicoti) in fecal sedimentation.

Control: Prevent livestock access to snail-infested pastures.

PHS


Fasciola hepatica - PHS
Disease: Fascioliasis
Geographic: worldwide
TRANS: Ingestion of contaminated greens
Clinical Signs: colic and obstructive of the bile ducts
Fasciola hepatica adult
Nanophyetus salmincola
Common name: Salmon Poisoning Fluke

Host: Dog and cat

Clincial Signs: Hemorrhagic enteritis

Geographic: Oregon, Washington

Nanophyetus salmincola

Prevalence - Common in dogs that eat raw fish

Transmission - Eating raw fish containing infective form of trematode

Diagnosis – Finding eggs in feces

Control - Important not to feed raw fish to dogs

PROTOZOANS
PROTOAN CHARACTERISTICS
Single cell organisms with one or more membrane-bound nuclei containing DNA and specialized cytoplasmic organelles.

Most are free-living - in soil, wet sand, and in fresh, brackish, and salt waters.

Produce cysts instead of eggs


Protozoa are almost as widely distributed as bacteria.

Host habitats vary. They may live in cells, tissues, blood plasma or digestive tract.

Eimeria spp.Isospora spp.
Common name: Coccidia

Host: Ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, dogs, cats, and horses.

Clinical signs: Coccidiosis; small and large bowel infection that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and blood, fever, inappetence, weight loss

Geographic distribution: Widespread

Eimeria spp.Isospora spp.
Prevalence - Common, especially in young

Transmission - Ingestion of sporulated oocysts from environment, or paratenic hosts

Diagnosis – Finding oocysts in feces (Can’t identify different species)

Control - Remove feces promptly (oocysts require time to sporulate)




Cryptosporidium spp.
Common name: Crypto

Host: Calves

Clinical signs: persistent diarrhea

Geographic: worldwide

Cryptosporidium spp.

Transmission: Ingestion of sporulated oocysts. Fecal contamination of the feed or water supply.

DX: Finding oocysts in fecal

Control: Calves should be kept separate without calf-to-calf contact for at least the first 2 wk of life, with strict hygiene at feeding.

PHS
Cryptosporidium spp. - PHS
Direct infection from animals
Waterborne infection from contamination of water.


Toxoplasma gondii
Common name: Toxo

Host: Cat

Clinical signs: Diarrhea, fever, hepatitis, may be asymptomatic intestinal infection.

Geographic distribution - Widespread

Prevalence – highly pathogenic to humans

Toxoplasma gondii

Transmission - Ingestion of infective meat (rodents, birds, mutton, pork), or oocysts from soil and contaminated objects

Diagnosis – Finding oocysts in feces

Control - Cats that hunt are likely to be infected.

PHS


Toxoplasma gondii - PHS
Disease- flu-like symptoms, fever, malaise, swollen lymph nodes, severe disease in children infected in utero

Geographic distribution – Widespread

Transmission – Ingestion of infective undercooked meat (mutton - sheep, pork), or oocysts from soil-contaminated objects

Control - Avoid consumption or handling of infected meat. Pregnant women should not come in contact with cat feces in litter pans or soil.

Giardia spp.
Common name: Giardia

Host: Dog and Cat

Clinical signs: Diarrhea (intermittent or chronic)

Geographic distribution - Widespread

Prevalence - 20% to 40% of shelter dogs (can be 100% of dogs in kennel and breeding colonies)

Giardia spp.

Transmission - Drinking contaminated water, oral - fecal contact

Diagnosis – Finding cysts (most common, very retractile) or trophozoite (kite shaped, movement)

Control - Provide clean water, bathe to remove any fecal debris

PHS – don’t drink contaminated water.



Haemobartonella felis
COMMON NAME: Feline infectious anemia (FIA)

HOST: Cats

CLINICAL SIGNS: Any anemic cat may be suspected of having FIA. Fever, anemia leads to jaundice, anorexia, lethargy, depression, weakness, and splenomegaly are common.

GEOGRAPHICAL - worldwide

PREVALENCE – fairly common
Haemobartonella felis
TRANS – Fleas and ticks become infected through a bite and transfer infection on. In the cat, can also be spread from the queen to her kittens.

DX – blood films. Organisms appear as small cocci, rods, or rings on the outside of erythrocytes.

CONTROL – tick and flea control






Anaplasma marginale
COMMON NAME: Cattle tick fever

HOST: Ruminants

CLINICAL SIGNS: Anemia, decrease milk production, inappetence, loss of coordination, breathlessness when exerted, rapid pulse, pale or yellow mucous membranes. Pregnant cows may abort.

GEOGRAPHICAL – worldwide

PREVALENCE – fairly common
Anaplasma marginale
TRANS – Bite from infected tick (Dermacentor spp), transplacental, contaminated needles, dehorning or other surgical instruments.

DX - Blood films. Intracellular organisms appear as basophilic, spherical inclusions that are generally located near the margin of erythrocytes

CONTROL – Control ticks






Babesia spp.
COMMON NAME: Piroplasma

HOST: Ruminants, horses

CLINICAL SIGNS: fever, inappetence, increased respiratory rate, muscle tremors, anemia, jaundice, and weight loss

GEOGRAPHICAL: worldwide

Babesia spp.
PREVALENCE – fairly common

TRANS – Bite from infected tick, intrauterine (rare)

DX: Blood films. Finding large parasites in red blood cells.

CONTROL – control ticks




Babesia

Trypanosoma sp.
COMMON NAME: unknown.

HOST: affects all domestic animals

CLINICAL SIGNS - fever, anemia, and weight loss

GEOGRAPHICAL – Africa, Central and South America’s.


Trypanosoma sp.
PREVALENCE – rare

TRANS – infected fly bite

DX – Evaluation of blood smear and buffy coat. Parasites are found in plasma.

CONTROL – fly control

PHS




Eperythrozoon sp.
COMMON NAME: unknown

HOST: affects all domestic animals

CLINICAL SIGNS - fever, anemia, and weight loss

GEOGRAPHICAL - worldwide

Eperythrozoon sp.
PREVALENCE – uncommon

TRANS – Bite from infected arthropods (lice, fleas, mosquito’s, ticks)

DX – Evaluation of blood films. Finding organisms on the surface of erythrocytes and free in plasma

CONTROL – control arthropods

PHS




Ehrlichia canis
COMMON NAME: Unknown

HOST: Dogs

CLINICAL SIGNS - Anorexia, depression, stiffness and reluctance to walk, edema of the limbs, coughing or dyspnea may occur. Most acute cases are seen in the warmer months.

GEOGRAPHICAL - worldwide

Ehrlichia canis

PREVALENCE – fairly common

TRANS – Bite from infected Brown Dog Tick

DX – blood film evaluation – finding Ehrlicha in WBC’s. Thrombocytopenia is a relatively consistent finding of infection so a platelet count is an important

CONTROL – control ticks

PHS





 
 
Manage Your Items
Other Stuff
Get GCash
Offers
Get Items
More Items
Where Everyone Hangs Out
Other Community Areas
Virtual Spaces
Fun Stuff
Gaia's Games
Mini-Games
Play with GCash
Play with Platinum